Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.     

Comparative analysis of different methods revealing the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds

Seed longevity is a very important characteristic controlling seed quality. However, the mechanism underlying this characteristic is poorly understood. In this study, 'FH7185', a storable rice variety, the germination rate of which was 66.63%, much higher than the control after artificial ageing under relative humidity 88% and 42°C for 21 days. Different methods were applied to reveal the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds. In total, 35 differential proteins were identified from 2D‐PAGE, and 3,719 proteins from iTRAQ analysis. A comparison of these two methods showed that not all protein types could be detected on the 2D‐PAGE gels, and the dynamic range was somewhat limited. So the comprehensive proteome map from the iTRAQ analysis was used to identify the quantitatively regulated proteins that played roles in seed longevity, and found that the most marked change was the increased abundance of many metabolic enzymes, especially the ones involved in α‐linolenic acid metabolism in the embryos during ageing. OsLOX2 and OsLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity, which were lower in FH7185 than the control. The dehydrogenase (LOC_Os07g44430) which played a major catalytic role in lipid peroxidation, also changed significantly during ageing. Therefore, OsLOX2, OsLOX3 and Loc_OS 07G44430 may be involved in the regulation of seed longevity with a synergistic effect.     

进口越南屠宰用活猪重大动物疫病传入风险评估

为分析进口越南屠宰用活猪传入重大动物疫病的风险,探讨进口越南屠宰用活猪的可行性,参照世界动物卫生组织以及澳大利亚、新西兰等的进口风险分析技术,采用定性评估方法,开展非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种进境一类重大动物疫病传入释放评估、接触发生评估和后果评估。评估认为,非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等疫病具有"高"传入风险,可随活猪引进病原体,并且能够对我国养猪业产生不利影响,因此目前不能接受其进口。针对"高"传入风险,需要制定严格的降低疫病传入风险管理措施,包括严格产地要求、加强境外预检、指定口岸入境、强化隔离检疫、建立生物隔离区。本研究对我国动物产品进口贸易政策及检疫措施的制定提供了有力参考。     

海拔梯度对橡胶树生理特性及产量的影响

为了解海拔梯度对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)生理特性和胶乳产量的影响,对4个海拔水平(A1,650~750m;A2,750~850 m;A3,850~950 m;A4,>1 000 m)的2个橡胶树品种(GT1和RRIM600)进行研究。结果表明:随着海拔梯度的上升,土壤水分呈下降趋势,而土壤养分呈低-高-低的规律。海拔梯度对橡胶树生理生态特性和胶乳产量具有显著影响,随着海拔的升高,2个橡胶树品种的Chl含量呈下降趋势,MDA和MP呈上升趋势,而非酶保护物质(SS、Suc、Pro和SP)系统和抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD和POD)系统相互协同发生变化。采用主成分分析法对8个主要生理生化指标分析得出特征值、贡献率、累积贡献率和主成分载荷矩阵,最终提取前3个主成分(POD、SS和Pro)对不同海拔下橡胶树品种进行综合评价。经计算,2个品种在各海拔下综合得分(Q值)高低顺序为:GT1-A3>RRIM600-A3>RRIM600-A2>GT1-A2>RRIM600-A4>GT1-A4 RRIM600-A1>GT1-A1。此研究结果验证了云南热区山地植胶海拔上限为950 m的合理性,而超高海拔(>1 000 m)的确不适合植胶。     

氮磷钾配比施肥对桢楠幼苗生长及生物量积累的影响

采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,研究了N、P、K3种大量元素配方施肥对1a桢楠幼苗生长和生物量积累的影响,为桢楠苗期的科学施肥提供参考.结果表明,不同施肥处理对桢楠幼苗苗高、地径和各器官生物量的影响差异均显著,其中N2P3K1组合(尿素2 g·株-1、过磷酸钙8 g·株-1,氯化钾0 g·株-1)条件下植株苗高、地径及各器官生物量均处于最高水平,该组合植株生长表现最佳.N、P、K对桢楠幼苗生长和生物量积累的影响效应不同,主次顺序均表现为N>P>K,其中N元素影响最大,P元素和K元素影响较小.     

植物角质蜡质代谢及抗病机制研究

角质蜡质是植物在长期的生态适应过程中进化形成的一类次生代谢产物，广泛参与了植物抗逆、抵御病虫害侵染等诸多抗性生理过程。角质蜡质在植物-病原互作中发挥了重要作用，是植物抗病机制的重要组成部分。随着分子生物学的发展，人们对植物角质蜡质代谢及其抗病机理的认知不断深入。本研究综述了植物角质蜡质生物合成与其抗病机理的最新研究进展并对未来研究提出展望。目前，植物角质蜡质的抗性机理研究主要集中于组成型抗性和诱导型抗性2类。角质蜡质作为角质层主要成分，一方面可作为组成型抗性成分发挥物理抗性(物理屏障)和化学抗性(抑菌)作用；另一方面，也可作为诱导型抗性成分发挥作用，诱导产生的角质蜡质单体除了作为角质层主要成分发挥物理抗性外，也可作为信号分子或者诱导子激活下游的抗性反应进而发挥其化学抗性功能。未来可侧重于对角质蜡质诱导抗性机理的深入阐释，进一步丰富植物化学生态学研究理论体系。此外，基于角质蜡质的诱导抗性作用，可开发角质蜡质类生物农药(植物免疫诱导剂)，为植物病害防控提供新思路。图1参71     

Dietary taurine impacts the growth,amino acid profile and resistance against heat stress of tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

A 56‐day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplementation on growth performance, amino acid profile and heat stress resistance capacity in juvenile Takifugu rubripes (initial body weight: 32.28 ± 0.20 g). Tiger puffer were distributed into five groups and each received one of the following diets: each diet was supplemented with 0 (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3), 20 (T4) or 50 (T5) g Tau/kg, respectively. Growth performances were significantly ameliorated with fed diet T3 (p < .05). The Tau content of muscle increased significantly as dietary Tau increased (p < .05). Compared to the control group, fish fed diets T4 and T5 showed significantly higher concentration of triglyceride and urea, respectively (p < .05), while taurine transporter (TauT) gene and IGF‐1 gene expression increased significantly in fish fed diets T3 and T4, respectively (p < .05). After acute heat stress, HSP70 gene expression levels were significantly greater in the livers and spleens of T. rubripes (p < .05) fed diet supplemented with Tau. Levels of complement C4 were highest in fish fed 10 g/kg Tau (p < .05). These data suggested that dietary supplemented with taurine indicated positive effects on growth performances, amino acid profile and resistance against heat stress for T. rubripes.     

Beneficial effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth,intestinal health and immunity of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant‐based diets

This study investigated the effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth performance, intestinal health, immune parameters and disease resistance of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Five test diets with commercial protease at the levels of 0, 1.38, 2.76, 5.52 and 11.04 U/g (named PE0, PE1, PE2, PE5 and PE11, respectively) were administered to triplicate tanks with 30 fish for 60 days, and then, the fish were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae for 14 days. The results indicated that weight gain increased as exogenous protease increased from 0 to 5.52 U protease/g diet and then decreased significantly (p < .05) with a further increase in exogenous protease supplementation (p < .05). The height of the villi in the proximal intestine and distal intestine, the width of the villi in three segments of the intestine, and the thickness of the muscle layer in the proximal intestine and mid‐intestine (p < .05) were increased in the fish fed the PE5 diet. Immune and antioxidant indices (except malondialdehyde), and survival after challenged with S. agalactiae were higher in fish fed PE5 diets than in those fed other diets (p < .05). In conclusion, 5.52 U/g protease supplementation in a plant‐based diet could promote the growth performance, intestinal physical barrier function, innate immunity and S. agalactiae resistance of GIFT.